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Scales of Measurement


example of interval scale

Variables can be split into categorical and continuous, and within these types there are different levels of measurement:

Categorical Variable:

Nominal Scale: In which data are neither measured nor ordered but subjects are merely allocated to distinct categories: For example, a record of students' course choices constitutes nominal data which could be correlated with school results.

Examples of Nominal Scales

Ordinal Scale: A scale on which data is shown simply in order of magnitude since there is no standard of measurement of differences: for instance, a squash ladder is an ordinal scale since one can say only that one person is better than another.

Example of Ordinal Scales

Interval Scale: A interval scale has measurements where the difference between values is meaningful. In other words, the differences between points on the scale are measurable and exactly equal. For example, the difference between a 110 degrees F and 100 degrees F is the same difference as between 70 degrees F and 80 degrees F
example of interval scale
Ratio Scale: A ratio scale is an interval scale in which distances are stated with respect to a rational zero rather than with respect to. A rational zero is a location on an interval scale deliberately chosen for reasons other than the current data.

Example of Ratio Scales

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